Relocation Timeline

Step1. Research visa options

Before moving to Japan, it’s essential to understand the visa types available and which one fits your situation best. Most long-term stays require a visa that allows work, study, or family residence. The most common option for Americans is the “Engineer/Specialist in Humanities/International Services” visa, often used by English teachers and office workers in international roles. Other options include the student visa (for attending university or language school), spouse visa (for those married to a Japanese citizen or permanent resident), and the working holiday visa (available for Americans aged 18–30, though limited in duration and scope).
Each visa has its own eligibility requirements, so doing your research early can save a lot of time and stress. Government websites, embassy pages, and forums like Reddit or GaijinPot can help, but it’s wise to cross-check your information with official sources or a licensed immigration expert.

Step2. Apply for a visa-sponsored job

The most realistic way for Americans to legally live and work in Japan is to find a job that offers visa sponsorship. For most, this means applying to become an English teacher—either through the JET Programme, private language schools (Eikaiwa), or dispatch companies that place teachers in public schools. These jobs often don’t require Japanese fluency and typically accept applicants with a bachelor’s degree, regardless of major.
While teaching English may not be your dream job forever, it’s a reliable entry point that provides a legal path into Japan, a steady income, and time to adapt to the country. Some employers assist with housing, airport pickup, and city registration, which can make your transition smoother. Job hunting platforms like GaijinPot Jobs, Jobs in Japan, and Interac are good places to begin.

Step3. Receive Certificate of Eligibility (COE)

After accepting a job offer, your employer will begin the application process for your Certificate of Eligibility (COE)—a document issued by Japan’s Immigration Services that confirms you meet the conditions for residency. You can’t apply for a work visa without it. The process takes anywhere from 4 to 8 weeks on average, though it may vary depending on the company, season, or location.
The COE application includes details about your job, salary, duties, and personal background. While most of the paperwork is handled by your employer, you may need to provide scanned documents such as a copy of your passport, diploma, and resume. Once approved, the COE is mailed to you, and you’ll use it in the next step to apply for your visa.

Step4. Apply for a visa at a Japanese consulate

With your Certificate of Eligibility in hand, your next step is to take it—along with your passport and other required documents—to the Japanese consulate or embassy in your country. You’ll fill out a short visa application form, provide a passport-style photo, and pay a small fee (usually $25–$40 USD).
Processing times vary, but it typically takes about 5–10 business days. Once approved, you’ll receive a visa sticker in your passport, allowing you to legally enter Japan as a mid- to long-term resident. It’s a good idea to also buy your plane ticket and arrange initial housing during this time. Some companies help with this process, while others expect you to manage it on your own.

Step5. Fly to Japan and enter with your new visa

Once your visa is issued, it’s time to fly to Japan and officially begin your new life. Upon arrival at a Japanese airport, you’ll present your passport and visa to immigration officials, who will check your COE and issue your Residence Card (在留カード / Zairyu Card) on the spot. This card is your official ID in Japan and will be required for most major tasks like opening a bank account or renting an apartment.
After passing immigration, you’ll proceed through customs, pick up your luggage, and step out into Japan. If your company offers pickup or orientation, they may meet you at the airport. If not, be prepared to navigate public transportation with jet lag—many foreigners vividly remember this moment as their true “arrival” in Japan.

Step6. Complete city hall paperwork

Within 14 days of arriving in Japan, you’re required by law to report your residential address to the local city hall in your area. This process is straightforward but vital. You’ll need to bring your residence card and passport, and if you already have an address, a rental contract or proof of residence. Once registered, the back of your residence card will be updated with your address.
At the same time, you’ll enroll in National Health Insurance (required unless your employer provides private coverage) and receive your MyNumber—a personal ID number for tax, social security, and other services. Some city halls offer English support, but it’s wise to bring a Japanese-speaking friend or translator app just in case.

Step7. Set up daily life

Once the paperwork is done, it’s time to build your everyday life in Japan. You’ll likely need to open a bank account, get a mobile SIM card or phone plan, and start furnishing your apartment if it’s unfurnished. Many foreigners begin with secondhand stores, Don Quijote, or IKEA for affordable basics.
You may also want to learn how to separate trash (Japan’s recycling rules can be strict), get used to grocery shopping, and start building daily routines. These tasks can be frustrating at first due to language barriers, but they’re part of the adjustment process—and they get easier over time.

Step8. Start working and adapting to culture

You’ll soon start your new job, whether it’s teaching or another role. The first few months often come with a steep learning curve—not just for the job itself, but for understanding Japanese work culture. Punctuality, modesty, group harmony, and indirect communication are highly valued.
Outside of work, adapting means learning Japanese little by little, making friends (foreign and local), and discovering new hobbies or routines. Joining language exchanges, taking local trips, or simply exploring your neighborhood can make a huge difference in how settled and connected you feel.

Step9. Renew visa after 1–3 years

Most first-time work visas are valid for one or three years, and you’ll need to renew them before they expire. The process involves submitting documents like a renewal application, updated employment contract, and proof of income. Many employers assist with this step, but ultimately, the responsibility is yours.
During this time, some people choose to switch jobs, companies, or even visa types—especially if their career goals have changed or they’ve started a family. It’s also a great time to assess whether you want to stay in Japan long-term or return home.

Step10. Consider long-term options

After a few years in Japan, you may start thinking seriously about staying long-term. Common options include marrying a Japanese citizen and switching to a spouse visa (which offers more job flexibility), starting your own business under a “business manager” visa, or applying for permanent residency if you meet the criteria.
At this point, many expats improve their Japanese, develop local networks, and feel increasingly connected to their community. Some even begin exploring homeownership or relocating from big cities to quieter areas.

Step11. Apply for Permanent Residency or change visa type

If you’ve lived in Japan for several years (typically 5–10 years, or just 1–3 years for highly skilled professionals or spouses), you may be eligible for Permanent Residency. This status allows you to live and work in Japan indefinitely without renewing your visa. It also makes it easier to get loans, buy property, or change jobs freely.
Alternatively, you might switch to a spouse visa, dependent visa, or business visa depending on your evolving life situation. Whichever route you take, this stage reflects a strong commitment to making Japan your long-term home.

Step12. Settle long-term in Japan

By this point, you’ve likely put down roots. You may own a home, raise a bilingual family, run a business, or have a stable career in Japan. While the early years were filled with paperwork and cultural adjustment, daily life now feels natural.
Some expats choose to maintain ties with the U.S. through dual income, family visits, or remote work. Others go all in, joining the local PTA, buying property, or even considering naturalization. Whatever form it takes, your move to Japan is no longer just an experience—it’s a life.